Abstract: What are the effects of aluminum, manganese, iron, tin, nickel, and lead on cast copper alloys? In
order to improve the properties of ordinary cast brass (copper-zinc
binary alloy), alloy elements such as aluminum, manganese, iron,
silicon, tin, nickel, lead, etc. are usually added. Cast
brass with a total content of 5 alloy elements such as aluminum,
manganese, iron, silicon, tin, and nickel exceeding 2% is generally
referred to as high-strength brass. These elements affect the properties of cast brass.
In
order to improve the properties of ordinary cast brass (copper-zinc
binary alloy), alloy elements such as aluminum, manganese, iron,
silicon, tin, nickel, lead, etc. are usually added. Cast
brass with a total content of 5 alloy elements such as aluminum,
manganese, iron, silicon, tin, and nickel exceeding 2% is generally
referred to as a high-strength brass alloy (Golith brass is a
high-strength copper alloy). These elements affect the properties of cast brass.
(1) Iron
The addition amount in ordinary brass is 0.3% to 0.5%, and the addition amount in multicomponent brass is 1% to 3%. The
solid solubility of iron in copper is 0.1% to 0.2%, which exceeds this
amount to form a high melting point iron-rich phase compound. Iron can refine grains and increase strength and hardness. When the
content is too high, there are too many brittle compounds on the grain
boundaries, resulting in a decrease in strength, plasticity, and
corrosion resistance.
(2) Manganese
The
addition amount in casting brass is 2% to 4%. Manganese can be
dissolved in α brass in copper, and a manganese-rich brittle phase can
be precipitated at room temperature. Its
influence is: a small amount of manganese has a solid solution
strengthening effect, which increases the strength of the alloy and the
plasticity does not drop significantly; after the zinc content in the
brass exceeds 35%, if the manganese exceeds 4%, a brittle phase appears,
which deteriorates the plasticity and toughness .
(3) Aluminum
The amount of addition in the cast brass is 2% to 7%. The formation of a stable β phase in copper prevents the appearance of a brittle γ phase. Its
influence is: a small amount of aluminum can make α phase appear in α
brass, and β phase in (α+β) brass increases, which is an important
alloying element in high-strength brass; when the aluminum content is
high, the alloy's Plasticity and toughness decrease. When the zinc content is high, it causes “cold brittleness” of the casting.
(4) Silicon
The addition amount in the cast brass is 2% to 4.5%. A brittle phase of Cu2Si is formed in the brass. Its effect is: a small amount of silicon can make the strength and
hardness of the alloy significantly increase, plasticity decreases;
reduce the alloy solidification temperature range, improve the alloy
casting process performance.
(5) Lead
The addition of 1% to 3% in cast brass results in the formation of fine free particles in the brass. Its influence is: to improve the cutting performance of the alloy and improve the wear resistance. Above 3%, the hardness and plasticity of the alloy are significantly reduced.
(6) Tin
The amount added in the cast brass is less than 1%, which dissolves in the alpha solid solution. Its influence is: the formation of SnO2 protective film on the casting surface. Significantly improve the seawater corrosion resistance of brass, so
the brass of tin is suitable for the shipbuilding industry and is called
“Navy Brass”.
(7) Nickel
The amount of addition in cast brass is about 1%. It can expand the alpha phase area. Its influence is: grain refinement, improve the corrosion resistance
of the alloy; can increase the hardness of the alloy, but the effect is
not significant.
All
the information on this site was published by the Jinshan Chenxi
Sliding Bearing Co., Ltd., Hunan Jintai Hardware and Machinery Co., Ltd.
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